Research and development created the next step in skimmer evolution: Counter-Current skimming.
If anyone is familiar with amateur astronomy my analogy of a Newtonian telescope v.s. a refracting telescope, illustrates my point. Just as bending light waves by reflecting them off a mirror can double the focal length of a telescope, so too can we double the dwell time in a skimmer. Here is a Typical Counter-Current Skimmer, Either Hang-On Or Sump Mounted.
By injecting the water at the top of the reaction tube, the bubble source at the bottom of the reaction tube and having an isolated outlet fitting, also on the bottom of the chamber, the water has to pass against or "counter" to the rising wall of bubbles. This effectively doubles the dwell time making for a more productive unit. Many companies today market variations on this Counter-Current design.
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