There are two main methods to plumb a skimmer; "hard-plumb" and "soft-plumb". Hard plumbing is a permanent method that utilizes PVC (polyvinyl chloride), or similar glued tubing to make the installation. It is considered the "professional" way to go, especially on larger systems. This is the option that most requires the use of valves and fittings. Soft plumbing involves the use of flexible hoses and generally steers clear of any valves or extra fittings, other than hose-barb nozzles or fittings and the like. The hose-barb is nothing more than a connector that has "barbs" molded along it's surface to grip and grab the vinyl tubing.
The soft-plumb method is widely used and is most preferred by newer hobbyists. It is a semi-permanent installation. Worn or discolored tubing is easily cut and replaced, making the soft-plumb option attractive to many aquarists wanting to maintain that "new" look as much as possible. Hang-ons are best suited for this option as cutting and gluing PVC for such short runs is impractical. AND... since many hang-on skimmers are readily visible to you and visitors, replacing unsightly vinyl hoses often becomes a necessity. I have seen many sump and free-standing installations using the soft-plumb method as well. It is after all, a matter of choice and expediency, unique to the individual and their system. However, using soft plumbing on a free-standing skimmer can be asking for trouble! Own a cat? I do... need I say more? LOL...
The measuring and cutting that goes into a hard plumb job can be daunting to some, but is actually quite simple once all the elements are assembled. Also, the hard-plumb method is more costly due to the angles, glues and primers that PVC requires. Once completed however, the initial investment will pay off with many, many years of faultless service.
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